Tutorial on 802.11 to 802 
Prepared by Vic Hayes, Chair
Lucent Technologies
Outline (1)
•	Requrements
•	MAC
–	Wireless Architecture and MAC architecture overview
–	Basic Access mechanism and Frame formats
–	MAC Management and mobility provisions
•	PHY
–	Spectrum selection
–	Frquency Hopping PHY
–	Direct Sequence PHY
–	Infrared PHY
Requirements
•	PAR
•	Study the environment and applications
•	Functional Requirements
Requirements (PAR)
•	Project Authorization Request (PAR)
–	Title: Standard for Wireless Medium Access Method (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
–	To develop a Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specification for wireless connectivity for fixed, portable and moving stations within a local area.
–	To provide wireless connectivity to automatic machinery, equipment or, stations that require rapid deployment, which may be portable, or hand-held or which may be mounted on moving vehicles within a local area. 
–	To offer a standard for use by regulatory  bodies to standardize access to one or more radio frequency bands for the purpose of 
local area communication.
Requirements (802.11)
•	Type of medium
–	The goal is that the MAC shall support PHYs using electromagnetic waves through the air (i.e. radio waves as well as infra-red or visible light).
–	PHY layer suitable for use with the electromagnetic frequency spectrum as described in the following paragraph will be defined with this standard.  If evidence of need and sufficient interest exists other PHY layers will be considered at a later time.
•	Supported Stations
–	The standard shall support stationary stations, movable stations, and mobile stations moving at pedestrian and vehicular (local premises environment) speeds. This is to be implemented with one PHY if feasible.
Requirements (802.11)
•	Environment
–	Because the range of wireless transmission / reception may be smaller than the physical coverage area desired, a distribution system designed to provide range extensibility will be addressed as part of this standard.
–	The standard will include support of the following:
•	Basic Service Area (BSA)	in which each station can communicate with any other station in the BSA. 
•	Extended Service Area (ESA)	in which each station can communicate with any other station via the defined and managed Distribution System.
–	Stations which interoperate in both BSA and ESA shall be defined if feasible.
Requirements (802.11)
•	Possible target environments include:
–	in buildings and other premises such as offices, financial institutions, shops, malls, small and large industry, hospitals and residences, 
–	outdoor areas such as parking lots, campuses, building complexes and outdoor plants and storages.
–	Note: The definition of performance classes within a PHY may be necessary to support environments with benign or hostile characteristics.
•	Supported service
–	The Wireless MAC shall support both connectionless service as defined in the MAC Service definition at rates between 1 and 20 Mbit/s as well as a service supporting packetized voice.
Requirements (802.11)
•	Compatibility requirements
–	The specification shall meet the following standards and documents:
•	the IEEE P802 Functional Requirements including section 5.6.1 (in version 6.5) as defined below:
•	"5.6.1	The MAC Service Data Unit (MSDU) loss rate shall be less than 4*10E-5 for an MSDU length of 512 octets.".
–	A minimally conformant IEEE P802.11 network will meet all of the P802 requirements except that 5.6.1 will be met at least 99.9 % of the time on a daily basis, in 99.9 % of the total geography of the service area.
–	IEEE P802.11 will define approaches to allow a minimally conformant network to achieve full conformance over the total geography of the service area.
Requirements (802.11)
•	Data Service Types:
–	802.11 will provide two classes of MSDU delivery service:
•	1) An Asynchronous MSDU delivery service.
•	2) A Time-bounded MSDU delivery service.
–	All 802.11 implementations will support the Asynchronous class service.
–	Stations using the Asynchronous and/or Time-bounded service must coexist within the same BSS.
•	MAC / PHY interface:
–	A single MAC will be used to support multiple PHYs.
Requirements (802.11)
•	Note:	To make this purpose feasible, this PAR also authorizes IEEE P802 to petition or provide comments to regulatory bodies worldwide (e.g. the FCC in the USA, the Department of Communications in Canada, the RF agency of the Department of Trade and Industry in the UK and the Radio Frequency Commission of the CEPT  of Europe)
MAC
•	Wireless Architecture and MAC architecture overview 
–	Greg Ennis, consultant to Symbol Technologies
–	member since
•	document 96/49B
MAC (2)
•	Basic Access mechanism and Frame formats
–	Wim Diepstraten, Lucent Technologies
–	member since
•	MAC Management and mobility provisions
–	Phil Belanger, Aironet
–	member since
•	document 96/49C
PHY Introduction
•	Current draft supports 3 PHY specifications
–	2 for radio
–	1 for Infrared
•	
Radio Regulations
•	Radio spectrum is a scarce resource and needs to be regulated
•	Responsibility of local Administration
•	International Regulations are the responsibility of the International Telecommunications Union, Radiocommunication Sector
–	Old name is CCIR (International Radio Consultative Committee)
–	Membership by Administration (or through administration)
•	Main decisions made in the Radiocommunication Assemblies
–	Old name World Administrative Radio Conference (WARC)
•	Last one held in 1992
•	next one planned for 1995
•	The ITU divides the world in three Regions for the allocation of frequencies in the Radio Regulations  
Region 1
•	Europe is part of Region 1 
•	CEPT responsible for harmonization in Europe
Region 1
•	Allocation for DECT, 1.880 - 1.900 GHz
–	Digital European Cordless T(elephone)elecommunications
•	Allocation for RLANs of 100 MHz in the 2.45 GHz band, T/R 10-01
–	top part (2.4835 - 2.500 GHz) may be withdrawn for satellite service
•	Allocation for HIPERLAN, 100 + 50 MHz in 5.2 GHz area and 200 MHz in 17 GHz area, T/R 22-06
–	High Performance European radio LAN
•	Allocation for RLANs in 61.0 - 61.5 GHz, T/R 22-03
•	915 MHz band has been allocated to GSM (Groupe Speciale Mobile)
•	Some persons thinking about spectrum auctions as in USA
Region 2
•	USA is part of Region 2
•	FCC is the agency for regulation in USA
Region 2
•	FCC Part 15 rules allow for use of Spread Spectrum devices:
–	902 - 928 MHz	also in Canada and Mexico
–	2.4 - 2.4835 GHz	also in Canada
–	5.725 - 5.875 GHz
•	Unlicensed PCS, 1.910 - 1.930 GHz
–	10 MHz for voice applications (1.920-1.930 GHz)
–	10 MHz for data applications (1.910-1.920 GHz)
–	needs to be cleared first
–	relocation to be paid by new users 
•	definition of users unclear for non-licensed applications
•	conditionally designated to UTAM, Unlicensed (ad-hoc committee) for 2 GHz microwave Transition And Management
•	Unlicensed PCS, 2.390 - 2.400 GHz
Region 2
•	Notice of Proposed Rulemaking for above 40 GHz allocation
–	8.5 GHz for unlicensed services
•	includes LANs, vehicle radar systems to avoid collisions
•	5 GHz in a single band: 59-64 GHz
•	additional 3.5 GHz in 7 bands between 71 and 153 GHz
–	7.3 GHz for licensed services
•	3 GHz in two bands, 40.5 - 42.5 GHz and 47.2 - 48.2 GHz
•	4.3 GHz in 7 bands between 71 and 153 GHz
•	Licensed band for data communications, 18.8 - 19.2 GHz
Region 3
•	Japan is part of Region 3
Region 3
•	Allocation in Japan for RLANs 2.471 - 2.497 GHz
•	Many other countries in Region 3 adopting the 2.4 - 2.5 GHz allocation for RLANs
•	Allocations expected in the area of 17 - 19 GHz
Global View
•	915 MHz band is only available in Region 2
•	1.9 GHz allocations in US and Europe differ in ruling:
–	US
•	spectrum etiquette (co-existance standard)
•	needs to be cleared from Microwave point-to-point links
•	clearing will be done area by area
•	cost of clearing will be charged to devices (US$ 20)
•	nationwide clearing will take apr. 5 years
•	peer-to-peer devices not allowed before nationwide clearance
–	Europe
•	DECT standard(interoperability standard
Global View
•	2.4 GHz
–	available in many countries around the globe
–	IEEE P802.11 working on an interoperability standard for 1 and 2 Mbit/s datarate
–	disadvantages:
•	secondary status
•	microwave ovens
•	HIPERLAN band
–	only in European part of Region 1
Global View
•	5.8 GHz band(ISM)
–	only available in the USA
•	HIPERLAN
–	please turn to prior slide
•	some channels in the 18.8 - 19.2 GHz band
–	only in the USA
–	subject to licensing
•	17 - 19 GHz band
–	only in Japan, rules unknown
Global View
•	61.0 - 61.5 GHz band
–	technology is too expensive yet
–	line of sight required due to properties of waves at this frequency
–	is in the Oxygen absorption band
•	limits coverage area
Availability of the 2.4 GHz band
PHY Frequency Hopping
•	Frquency Hopping PHY
–	Naftali Chayat, Breezecom
•	document 96/49D
PHY Frequency Hopping
•	Direct Sequence PHY
–	Jan Boer , Lucent Technologies
•	document 96/49E
Infrared PHY
•	No expert available at this meeting
•	Nearly visible light
–	850 nanometer to 950 nanometer range
•	“Diffuse Infrared” transmission
–	the receiver and transmitter do not have to be aimed at each other and do not need a clear line-of-sight
–	range up to about ten meters
–	only in-building
Infrared PHY
•	Frame Format
–	SFD, start frame delimiter
–	DR, data rate
–	DCLA, DC level adjustment
Infrared PHY
•	Basic Access Rate is based on 1 MBPS 16-PPM modulation
•	Enhanced Access Rate is based on 2 MBPS 4-PPM
Tutorial on 802.11 to 802